NASA scientist backs evidence of non-human intelligence in Earth's skies
A former NASA scientist has backed a groundbreaking study investigating mysterious flashes in the skies during the early nuclear age, decades before the first satellites were launched.
Ivo Busko, a retired NASA developer who worked at the Space Telescope Science Institute, published a pre-print paper this week that independently confirmed mysterious transient flashes first identified by astronomer Dr Beatriz Villarroel and her VASCO research team.
Their October 2025 study was published in the peer-reviewed journal Scientific Reports.
Villarroel, from the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics in Sweden, identified a possible connection between nuclear tests conducted between 1949 and 1957 and an increase in mysterious bright spots known as 'transients' appearing in the sky.
These transients have proven difficult to explain using known natural phenomena, with Villarroel noting that some appeared highly reflective, similar to mirrors, and showed signs consistent with rotating objects.
Busko conducted an independent search of archival sky photographs from the 1950s, using a separate analytical method designed specifically to verify Villarroel's earlier discoveries.
His investigation uncovered dozens of transient flashes displaying the same unusual signatures reported by the VASCO team, including extremely short-duration bursts of light.
Busko wrote that the findings 'independently confirm the presence of such transients,' adding further weight to the unusual flashes first reported by Villarroel's team.
The satellite image on the left captured an object, known as a transient, passing over Earth. On the right, the same satellite revealed the object had moved moments later
Photos from the 1940s and 1950s revealed thousands of bright spots called transients appearing in Earth orbit during the world's early nuclear tests
The new traces found in Busko's analysis are tantalizingly similar, he wrote.
'By analyzing pairs of plates taken in rapid sequence (about 30 minutes apart) of the same sky regions, we find evidence of transients similar to those previously reported by the VASCO Project,' he added in the study published in arXiv.
Many of the mysterious bright spots in both sets of data predate the launch of the first man-made satellite, Sputnik-1, which entered orbit in October 1957, and cannot be explained away as the result of human activity.
The new research corroborated this by analyzing 98,000 photographic plates from separate sky surveys, also from the mid-1950s, taken at the Hamburg Observatory with a 1.2m camera.
Busko and his team looked at pairs of plates with the same field of view, separated by a few minutes, looking for objects that are different between the two, and discounting factors such as dirt on the plates.
The plates were digitized through the APPLAUSE archive, which contains billions of recorded sources from historical astronomical images.
The researchers found 'glints' that were startlingly similar to those uncovered by the VASCO project.
Out of an initial batch of 41 plates examined so far, Busko reported identifying 70 candidate flashes, which were later refined to 35 strong candidates after careful visual review.
Transients were more likely to be spotted the day after a nuclear test was conducted, eliminating the possibility of the spots be a result of the explosion
Busko wrote: 'As discussed … unresolved flashes lasting less than a second naturally appear sharper and more circular than stellar images, particularly on long-exposure plates where stars are significantly blurred by seeing and tracking errors.'
'Such profiles are therefore an expected observational signature of sub-second optical flashes, further reinforcing the transient interpretation.'
The researchers said that the 'transients' bear the hallmarks of rapid flashes - similar to those found by the VASCO project.
These bursts of light appear suddenly in one image but vanish in the next, suggesting an extremely short-lived event lasting less than a second.
Busko noted that the results from the 1950s astronomical plates 'seem to independently confirm the presence of such transients,' with detected events appearing to be 'extremely short-duration flashes.'
He now hopes to digitize more of the archive and analyze more plates - with a goal to confirm transients already identified by the VASCO project. Future phases of the research will expand beyond the initial 41 plates to include additional photographic collections from other observatories across Europe.
He believes that the new evidence is potentially hugely important for research into life beyond Earth.
'While such transients are difficult to reconcile within a conventional astronomical framework, they are consistent with sub-second optical glints produced by sunlight reflecting from flat surfaces on rotating objects transiting above Earth's atmosphere,' the study reads.
'Given the potential implications for SETI-related research, establishing a robust observational basis for the reality and behavior of these events is of clear importance.'
The 'transients' seem to appear near the sites of nuclear tests
Villarroel's peer-reviewed study previously highlighted how the mysterious 'transients' do not seem to correspond to any Earthly explanation.
The study analyzed mysterious star-like objects seen in old photos from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey in California during the early nuclear days of the US, UK, and Soviet Union.
Specifically, researchers focused on 124 above-ground nuclear bomb tests conducted by the three nations, causing explosions in the open air.
Using digitized photographic sky surveys, Villarroel's team searched for light flashes that appeared in one frame but were completely absent in earlier and later exposures, ruling out known stars or natural cosmic sources.
The unknown objects appeared briefly and then vanished, and they were captured on camera before humans began launching any kind of devices into space, so they can't be explained as human-made craft.
Not only did the researchers find that UFO sightings went up on days when nuclear testing was taking place, but the total number of transients spotted in the photos also increased by 8.5 percent.
These unidentified objects were most likely to appear the day after a nuclear test, making explanations that the sightings were just streaks or clouds created by the explosions unlikely.
'Nature can always surprise us with something we could never have imagined. So, I cannot exclude that there might be some other explanation that is just outside my imagination,' Villarroel told NewsNation.
'But from what I see, I cannot find any other consistent explanation than that we are looking at something artificial,' she added.
Transients were more likely to be spotted the day after a nuclear test was conducted, eliminating the possibility that the spots were a result of the explosion.
The statistical pattern suggested that these flashes were not random but followed measurable trends linked to historical testing periods, strengthening the case that the events were not simple photographic artifacts.
Villarroel could not say for sure whether the objects spotted in Earth's orbit in the 1950s were still there, but noted that if they were truly constructed by a non-human intelligence, they may still be circling the planet.
If confirmed, researchers believe the objects could represent some of the earliest recorded evidence of unidentified structures operating above Earth's atmosphere.
The scientists found over 100,000 transients during their observations, with about 35,000 in the northern hemisphere alone.
The study found nearly 60 of these artificial objects floating in orbit on days when there was nuclear testing, and witnesses reported seeing UFOs.
That number went down to 40 transients on days when only one of these two events took place.
Taken together, Busko's independent verification and Villarroel's earlier discovery have created what scientists describe as one of the most intriguing unresolved astronomical puzzles from the early atomic age, one that researchers say could reshape how scientists interpret unexplained phenomena recorded long before the dawn of the space era.
